Is Borax the Miracle Chemical that Will Replace Mercury in Artisanal Gold Mining?
By Kevin Telmer - May 16, 2012
The Myth of a Miracle Cure
Can borax replace mercury in artisanal gold mining? – or is it better concentration that can replace mercury? Does Borax really have anything to do with it?
Is Borax a Miracle Chemical?
Those promoting borax as a replacement for mercury in small scale gold mining are overselling it and risk giving the impression that there is a miracle cure. They may be well intentioned but they are misleading the world by claiming that borax is a direct replacement for mercury. This is simply not true.
The bar of gold shown here was entirely produced using borax. It was also entirely produced using mercury. How can that be if the word going around is that borax is a replacement for mercury?
It is not. Borax is used in every Artisanal and Small Scale Mining gold shop in the world and has been for a hundred years. It has been used in pottery glazes for centuries for the same reason. It is a flux.
Background: if a miner has 10 kilograms of sand that contains 10 grams of gold, that is 0.1% gold or 1/1000 th. So she needs to concentrate by 1000 times to end up with the gold. How can she separate the gold from the sand? She adds mercury to the 10 kilograms of sand which dissolves the gold and is then easily separated from the sand as a heavy liquid. Then she evaporates the mercury and is left with the gold plus about 10% impurities – grains of sand for example. It is at this stage that borax is used in gold shops – for melting and removing the impurities in 10 grams of gold – not for concentrating the gold in 10 kilograms of sand by 1000 times. Borax is only used to assist in removing the impurities.
Everybody has always used borax (and other fluxes) to melt gold concentrates. It makes some impurities – tiny bits of other minerals – melt at a lower temperature and become thinner so that the mineral melt, a molten glass slag, and the molten gold can be separated easily. That is what fluxes do.
It doesn’t matter if you have a 25% gold, 75% sand mixture or a 90% pure piece of sponge gold (the porous product of mercury amalgamation), you’re going to use borax to melt it.
Borax does not replace mercury. It is not used at the same stage of the process as mercury.
Mercury is applied to a big pile of sand containing a tiny bit of gold.
Borax is applied to a tiny pile of gold containing a tiny bit of sand.
Therefore, the so-called borax method is nothing more than a method of better concentration that then uses borax as it has always been used. So there is no “borax method”. There is simply better concentration. Just ask any gold shop owner or his grandfather about borax… Its been around for a long time.
Borax is not a miracle chemical that can solve the mercury problem in Artisanal Gold Mining. For the millions of artisanal gold miners and the governments working with them to reduce mercury use, proclamations of borax miracles should be replaced by a proper explanation: If you can make a 25% gold concentrate, you don’t need mercury. It is better concentration that can eliminate mercury, not borax. And better concentration usually requires a higher level of organisation.
Kevin,
The Blacksmith Institute is promoting borax as a replacement for mercury – see http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/newsletter/march-april-filipino-gold-miner-reveals-borax-secret-pakistan-s-pollution-problem.html#topic1 and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6Sawj0HyF0&context=C477fe33ADvjVQa1PpcFMHQhUpWXpGognQqdueCmQ1nu8mHKLSzeI=.
The video shows concentration through sluicing over a carpet then panning using soap as a surfactant and finally concentration using borax. Do you think that this method might be more widely applicable or is the Blacksmith Institute falling into the trap you describe?
Regards,
Andrew Parsons
Andrew,
Yes the Blacksmith Institute is falling into this trap and knowingly causing others to do the same. They are one of the main groups overselling it and giving the impression that there is a miracle cure. They are misleading the world by claiming that borax is a direct replacement for mercury. This is simply not true.
Hi…I have gold and iron clumped together. From smelting of ore. Can I use borax in another smelt and pour to get more of the iron out?
Hi Kevin,
You have raised a valuable point here that the articles published on the Borax method don't mention "how" they managed to concentrate the gold. One article of trials performed in Tanzanian villages mentioned that they reached concentrations of 90% gold before smelting the gold with borax, but there is no mentioned of the concentrating methods.
Is there maybe a point here that this works of nugget gold and gold dust that can be panned and does not need to be crushed out? Presumably this does work, but in very particular circumstances only?
Maybe rather than writing off the entire process as a lie, you could elucidate on the cirmcumstances where this does work?
Regards,
Miranda
Dear Miranda,
Borax is used in every gold shop in the world and has been for a hundred years. I am not writing off the use of Borax, its use is already universal, but I am explaining that the idea that Borax directly replaces mercury is very misleading. Often mercury is first used to produce the high degree of concentration necessary to use what is being sold as the Borax method. The Artisanal Gold Council and I personally are very strongly in favour of mercury free processing but that is about "better concentration" not borax. This is perhaps better explained in a second blog post on the matter titled "Concentration of Gold Ores – a Key to Reducing Mercury Use in Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining". Regards,
Kevin
I agree that Borax is not a replacement for mercury. It is used in a totally separate stage of processing. Mercury does have its benefits and its drawbacks, but it is a useful tool as long as it is thoroughly understood and safely used. My advice is to research, read and understand mercury as well as all mining and processing methods and choose the best option for your mining needs.
I have been an artisanal gold miner for almost 25 years. Until I saw a report on the news tonight about artisanal gold miners in Indonesia and the Philippines, I had never before heard of borax replacing mercury in concentrating gold. It sounded intriguing so I did some research and…here I am at this blog!
I am not surprised that it is not true that borax can replace mercury in concentrating gold.
The report (PBS Newshour, 2/17/15) really was about the mercury that they are using which is poisoning these people and their environment. In my humble opinion the vast majority of the mercury pollution is caused by the fact that they are using heat to burn the mercury off of the gold, which vaporizes the mercury putting it directly into the atmosphere to be breathed in by the miners and anyone else downwind.
I have been using mercury to concentrate gold for much of my mining life. Using mercury safely does require respect, knowledge, and safety. Mercury should be treated as a valuable resource and conserved, not just burned off into the atmosphere never to be used by you again. I accomplish this by "burning" it off with nitric acid – which puts the mercury into solution – rinse the solution off of the gold, then recover the mercury to be used by me again later.
By using this method I have never had to buy mercury!
Caution: mercury is dangerous. Do not attempt to use it unless you know what you are doing and you have the proper safe equipment.
very interesting information you give
I hope you give the article is always beneficial for us
greeting miner
I have been an artisanal gold miner for almost 25 years. Until I saw a report on the news tonight about artisanal gold miners in Indonesia and the Philippines, I had never before heard of borax replacing mercury in concentrating gold. It sounded intriguing so I did some research and…here I am at this blog!
I am not surprised that it is not true that borax can replace mercury in concentrating gold.
The report (PBS Newshour, 2/17/15) really was about the mercury that they are using which is poisoning these people and their environment. In my humble opinion the vast majority of the mercury pollution is caused by the fact that they are using heat to burn the mercury off of the gold, which vaporizes the mercury putting it directly into the atmosphere to be breathed in by the miners and anyone else downwind.
I have been using mercury to concentrate gold for much of my mining life. Using mercury safely does require respect, knowledge, and safety. Mercury should be treated as a valuable resource and conserved, not just burned off into the atmosphere never to be used by you again. I accomplish this by "burning" it off with nitric acid – which puts the mercury into solution – rinse the solution off of the gold, then recover the mercury to be used by me again later.
By using this method I have never had to buy mercury!
Caution: mercury is dangerous. Do not attempt to use it unless you know what you are doing and you have the proper safe equipment.
Thanks for always being the source that explains things instead of just putting an unjustified answer out there. I loved this post.
refine palladium
Good day is there a way to do gold mining and get proper results without the use of mercury?
Hello Lucian, There absolutely is a way to mine gold without the use of mercury. A simple and clear example of this is the fact that no industrial (even small operations) use mercury. In fact mercury is usually a por technology that only recover a low percentage of gold in ores – perhaps 40%.
I disagree that borax cannot be used to extract gold in a small scale gold mining setting. I have personally observed mercury-free extraction of gold many times. The method is:
1) Careful gravity concentration in a pan so the miner get a mineral concentrate (for instance 8 cm3)
2) Mix the mineral concentrate approximately 1:1 with borax
3) The mixture (mud like) is put in a small plastic bag
4) The bag is put in a clay bowl and heated for 5-7 minutes with a blowtorch or charcoal + blower
5) The borax melts to form a glass like substance
6) The gold sinks to the bottom
7) The miner gently push away the liquid borax mass with a spoon and evacuates the gold underneath it
I am a medical doctor, researcher and teacher in research methodology. I have personally seen this process performed 8-10 times by different miners in the Philippines, in Mozambique and in Uganda, so I know for sure that it is working.
Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen, MD PhD
Doctor at Frederiksberg Hospital
Project leader and board member in Diálogos
Postdoc at The Research Unit for General Practice
University of Copenhagen
BORAX as a “chemical” is used to smelt gold or any other metal. it can not be used to extract gold as mercury is used to gold extraction. if so, what is the “BORAX METHOD”? it is a process to extract gold with out using mercury and use borax in the smelting of gold. How is the process? the procedures goes this way – the ore is milled to liberate the gold from any other ore components. the milled is ran through the sluice and sluice box with a controlled volume of water to produce the gold ore concentrate. this concentrate is manually panned to produce GOLD CONCENTRATE. then the gold concentrate is smelted with a certain percent of BORAX to produce the solid shiny gold for market. this has been our practice for more than 30 years. we introduced it in GAANG, Kalinga, Philippines in 2012 and after a year the area became mercury free small scale mining tribal community of more than 2000 mine workers. it was also introduced in VALEYSITO, PERU in 2012 to 2015, the INCA-Tribe small scale have adopted it and they are still practicing it up to present. Why was it called Borax Method. when this method was introduced in Tanzania in 2012 small scale miners at the mine sites doesn’t use Borax in their smelting, they just directly heat the amalgamated gold to reduce the mercury content then bring to market. the were amazed to witness the use of BORAX in the smelting specially that the gold smelted turned solid and shiny. a miner in Tanzania named it” Borax Method” so that’s juat the name of the method. we usually call it “Mercury Free Method of Extracting Gold” and it is an innovated century old practise. please. don’t get misleaded that “borax as an element can substitute mercury ” it’s a Big No” let us focus to the methodology. let us leave the name “Borax Method” to people who knows the history of that name. It was not intended to mislead people. we encourage you to look at the whole process of the method. thank you very much.